Womansword: What Japanese Words Say About Women - Softcover

Cherry, Kittredge

Softcover

ISBN 10: 161172029X ISBN 13: 9781611720297

Publisher: Stone Bridge Press, 2016

Synopsis

"A very graceful, erudite job . . . extraordinarily revealing."—The New York Times

Thirty years after its first publication, Womansword remains a timely, provocative work on how words reflect female stereotypes in modern Japan. Short, lively essays offer linguistic, sociological, and historical insight into issues central to the lives of women everywhere: identity, girlhood, marriage, motherhood, work, sexuality, and aging. A new introduction shows how things have—and haven't—changed.

Kittredge Cherry studied in Japan and has written about the country for Newsweek and the Wall Street Journal. She has a journalism degree from University of Iowa.

About this title

From the Publisher:

[Following are two consecutive sections from the book.]

Onna-rashisa: Femininity

One way to chart the meaning of femininity (onna-rashisa) in Japan is to listen to how the landscape itself is described. A "male hill" (otoko-zaka) is the steeper side of a hill, while the more gently sloping grade is termed the "female hill" (onna-zaka). This seldom-used phrase was resurrected by author Fumiko Enchi as the title for her novel about a wife who waits decades to get revenge for her husband's infidelity, though the English translation of Onna-zaka is titled simply The Waiting Years. Another way of using. nature to summarize the character of the sexes is the proverb "Men are pine trees, women are wisteria vines" (Otoko wa matsu, onna wa fuji), which means men are the strong base to which women cling.

The positive traits associated with women are bundled up and tied together in the word onna-rashisa. Dictionaries define it in terms of being kind, gentle, polite, submissive, and graceful. Sometimes "weak" is included, spurring feminist scholars to protest in the 1980s. Many people would also add cheerfulness to the list of what gives a woman onna-rashisa.

On the other hand, the Japanese have several insults based on the linking of women with certain character faults. "Rotten as a woman" is an insult hurled at Japanese men by accusers of both sexes. Onna no kusatta yo na is a standard reproach for guys whom Westerners might call wimps or sissies. These fellows may also be assaulted with a negative word built from two woman ideograms, memeshii (effeminate). Both men and women are offended when someone denounces them as "womanish" (joseiteki). The trait that often shakes loose this avalanche of abuse is mealy-mouthed indecisiveness. Sometimes the criticism is cloaked in poetic imagery. "A woman's heart and the autumn sky" (Onna-gokoro to aki no sora), croons a proverb. The connection is that fall weather in Japan shifts quickly, just as the moods of a woman's heart. The word onna-gokoro is usually used in the context of love, where such fickleness is generally unwelcome.

Otoko masari: Male-Surpassers

An otoko masari is a who excels over men in some way. She has more brains or muscles or just plain spirit. One of the most famous otoko masari is the late-tenth-century author Sei Shonagon, who blended diary, essay, and fiction into The Pillow Book, a Japanese literary classic. Positive though its definition sounds, otoko masari is not a type Japanese girls aspire to become. The word, literally meaning "male-surpasser," is a put-down. For example, there is much grumbling in the halls of Japan's coed colleges these days about otoko masari types who take their studies seriously and plan to compete against their male classmates on the job market as well. It implies not only extra ability, but also lack of femininity.

The female upstart is likely to begin life as an otenba, what an English speaker calls a tomboy. Otenba, literally "honorable twisting and turning granny," suggests health and energy People often use it to describe their own rambunctious offspring. A Japanese girl can get away with being a tomboy until about age twenty, but then tradition calls for her to settle down and avoid challenging the males around her.

If she doesn't, she is denounced as an otoko masari or another taunt drawn from the large body of Japanese words in which the sexes battle for superiority She is said to achieve "in spite of being a woman" (onna-datera ni or onna no kuse ni). She brings about "male loss of face" (otoko kaomake) because she is "more than a man" (otoko ijo). Men are the measure for most types of accomplishment, but in the realm of sewing, cooking, or child rearing, guys can cause "female loss of face" (onna kaomake) when their prowess makes them "more than a woman" (onna ijo). Women also are the standard for inferiority; one way to show contempt for a man is to call him "less than a woman" (onna ika). Females being inferior to males has been considered so unremarkable that no parallel expression exists. Likewise, there is only one way to say "in spite of being a man" (otoko no kuse ni) and no such thing as a "female-surpasser."

About the Author:

Author Kittredge Cherry studied in Japan on a Rotary International Journalism scholarship at Kobe College and International Christian University in Tokyo. She has written about Japan for such publications as Newsweek and the Wall Street Journal. Her popular Cool Words” column was a regular feature at the Asahi Weekly from 2006-09. A native of Iowa, Cherry has degrees in journalism and art history from the University of Iowa, and a master of divinity degree from Pacific School of Religion in Berkeley, CA.

Kitt's specialties include women’s issues, language, culture, and communication.The New York Times Book Review praised her "very graceful, erudite" writing style and her poetry has won several awards. Her books have been translated into Chinese, German, Japanese, and Polish.

About this edition

• Publisher: Stone Bridge Press
• Publication date: 2016
• ISBN 10: 161172029X
• ISBN 13: 9781611720297
• Binding: Paperback
• Number of pages: 176