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Typographic Conventions Typeface or Style Description Examples AaBbCc123 The names of commands, files, tag attributes, and directories; on-screen computer output Edit your .login file. Use ls -a to list all files. system% You have mail. AaBbCc123 What you type, contrasted with on-screen computer output system% su password: AaBbCc123 Command-line placeholder: replace with a real name or value To delete a file, type rm filename. Abc Def Labels which appear in on-screen buttons Click the Submit button to send the form's date to the server. Other notes on this book's formatting conventions:
Screen shots depict Web documents as viewed using the Netscape Communicator browser, Netscape Navigator 4.03.
URLs, those strings beginning with http:// which indicate a Web document's location, may occasionally break at the end of a line. In such cases, to avoid confusion, there will be no hyphen at the end of the line which breaks.
Names of Internet services (e.g., TELNET, Archie, FTP) will be capitalized and displayed in a normal typeface. Many of these services have command or protocol equivalents (e.g., telnet, archie, ftp); these will be displayed in lowercase boldface font.
The terms “web” (lowercase) and “Web” (uppercase) will be used to refer to, respectively, a particular site (as in the phrase “designing your web”) and to the World-Wide Web as a whole (“when browsing the Web”).
Are You Being Served?
If you have done any work at all with HTML already—even simply experimented with some of your browser's capabilities—you know that you can view a local file (that is, a file located on whatever machine you're using) simply by opening it directly. To open a remote file you specify its location using a Universal Resource Locator, or URL, which includes a reference to the identity of the machine on which the remote file resides. (More information about URLs is provided in Chapter 2, and especially in Chapter 3).
Once you've installed the server software provided on this book's accompanying CD-ROM, you have two options to view the sample files discussed throughout the book:
You can open the sample files as you would any local files—that is, by entering in the browser's Location field the path and filename to be browsed. (For example, on a Windows 95 PC, file:///D:\Win95\somesample.html.)
You can start the server software you've installed and open the file to be viewed through the medium of that server. For example, after starting the WebSite 2.0 server for Windows 95, you can enter http://localserver/somesample.html in the browser's Location field.
In most cases, either of these approaches yields the same result in your browser window. Fonts, paragraphs, headings, images, and other elements will appear identically regardless of whether you've opened the sample directly (as a true local file) or as a “pseudoremote” file (by passing it through the server software to your browser).
However, particularly in the case of some more advanced features (such as forms which use CGI programs), you must use the “pseudoremote” option in order to view the page properly. In these cases, the name of the file to be opened will be designated in this book using an http://{server}/ prefix. In all cases where this prefix does not appear, you can safely assume that the sample page can be viewed as either a local file or as a “served” file.
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